Covid-19 is an acronym for 2019 Coronavirus Disease. Coronaviruses are a huge family of viruses that are common all over the world. They can cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. This outbreak took place at the end of 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Over the past two decades, a coronavirus outbreak has raised global concern. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) occurred in 2003, and most recently in 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).


CoVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which doctors call an airway infection. This can affect the upper airway. Sinus, nose, throat, or lower airway, viz. Trachea and lungs. In severe cases, it can lead to serious respiratory illness and pneumonia.

On 30th Jan 2020, the WHO announced the covid-19 outbreak a global health emergency. On 11th March 2020, the WHO declared it is a global epidemic.


Risk Factor -

The following are risk factors for Covid-19 infections -

65 years or older -

People who crossed 65 are at increased risk of Covid-19 infection due to weakened immunity. They are also more likely to have some related comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Also, the disease course is more serious with them, resulting in more deaths. However, with proper precautions, the spread of aging can be reduced.

Chronic lung disease and asthma

People who suffering asthma are more likely to be infected with Covid-19. Hospital data shows that respiratory patients are more likely to experience serious problems. There is no cure for this yet, so the best way to protect people is to protect themselves from infection. The same applies to other chronic lung diseases.

Serious heart disease-

Covid-19 affects direct damage to the lungs and causes an inflammatory response. This puts two-way pressure on the cardiovascular system. Lung infection reduces blood oxygen levels, and the anti-inflammatory effect of the virus reduces blood pressure. In such cases, the heart needs to be faster and more difficult to supply oxygen to vital organs.

According to the European Heart Association, patients with heart failure, enlarged cardiomyopathy, advanced arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and congenital thianosus heart disease are at high risk.

Severe obesity

There are increasing reports of obesity more severe Covid-19 infections and death. Obesity reduces cardiovascular protection reserves and impairs immune regulation, which can help progress to critical stages of the disease.

Researchers have found that among Covid-19 individuals under the age of 60 in New York City, individuals with a BMI greater than 30-34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2 maybe 1.8 and 3.6 times more critical. I found it. Take care of everyone with a BMI of less than 30 kg / m2.

A new study published in the treatment of diabetes in 2020 concluded that covid-19 patients were 2.5 times more likely to develop severe pneumonia in obese people than those who were not obese. Obesity leads to chronic inflammatory conditions. Further research is needed to determine if obesity is an independent risk factor for infections.

Diabetes

Diabetes is a risk factor for hospitalization and death of Covid-19 infections. Patients with diabetes have impaired the immune response to infections with changes in their cytokine profile and immune response, including activation of T cells and macrophages. Poor glycemic control compromises some aspects of the immune response to potential viral infections and bacterial infections of the lungs. Inadequate glycemic control is a risk factor for Covid-19 infection and its disadvantages. Therefore, the importance of strict blood glucose control in patients with diabetes cannot be overlooked.

Chronic kidney disease

People who are chronic kidney disease are at high risk of infection. People who treating through dialysis also have an immune system issue that makes it difficult to fight infections. Nonetheless, patients with kidney disease should continue their regular dialysis treatment and take the necessary precautions recommended by their care providers.

People with kidney transplants should take a rejection inhibitor, also known as an immunosuppressant. It reduces the activity of the immune system.


Reference and source: Ezine Article